NREL report: Wind energy could supply 20% of Eastern US grid

Posted In: R&D Daily | Government Funding | Technology Policy | Energy Solutions | Wind Energy

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Wind energy could generate 20 percent of the electricity needed by households and businesses in the eastern half of the United States by 2024, but it would require up to $90 billion in investment, according to a government report released on Wednesday.

For the 20 percent wind scenario to work, billions must be spent on installing wind towers on land and sea and about 22,000 miles of new high-tech power lines to carry the electricity to cities, according to the study from the Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

"Twenty percent wind is an ambitious goal," said David Corbus, the project manager for the study. "We can bring more wind power online, but if we don't have the proper infrastructure to move that power around, it's like buying a hybrid car and leaving it in the garage,"

The private sector cannot fund all the needed spending, so a big chunk would have to come from the federal government through programs such as loan guarantees, Corbus said.

Read rest of Reuters report

 

Summary of the study

WindStudy1

This partial map of the United States shows the study regions of the Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study, which include Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator (MISO) and Mid-Atlantic Power Pathway (MAPP), Southwest Power Pool (SPP), Entergy, Tennessee Valley Authority, SERC Reliability Corporation (SERC), PJM Interconnection (PJM ISO), New York Independent System Operator (NYISO), ISO New England (ISONE). View a larger version of the map.

The Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study (EWITS) is one of the largest regional wind integration studies to date. It was initiated in 2008 to examine the operational impact of up to 20-30% energy penetration of wind on the power system in the Eastern Interconnect of the United States (see study area map). This study was set up to answer questions that utilities, regional transmission operators, and planning organizations had about wind energy and transmission development in the east.

Previous studies focusing on specific states or utilities have laid the groundwork for wind integration studies (e.g., New York, 2005, and Minnesota, 2006). The Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study approach allows additional questions to be answered, including:

  • How do local wind resources compare with higher capacity-factor wind power that requires more transmission?
  • How does geographic diversity of wind reduce wind integration costs (i.e., spreading the wind power over a larger region and thereby "smoothing" out some of the variability)?
  • How does offshore wind power compare with onshore wind power?
  • What transmission is needed to facilitate higher penetrations of wind power?
  • What is the role and value of wind forecasting?
  • How are wind integration costs spread over large market footprints and regions?
  • What additional operating reserves are needed for large wind power deployments?

Eastern Wind Dataset

A primary task of the Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study is to develop a dataset of three years of modeled time-series wind speed and power output that can be used to evaluate the power system impacts and transmission associated with increasing wind penetration to 20% and 30% on most of the eastern interconnect.

The Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) with project coordination by NREL. The wind integration and transmission analysis is being lead by Enernex, with support from Ventyx and the Midwest Independent System Operator (MISO). Wind inputs for the Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study were developed by AWS Truewind. This study and its partner study, the Western Wind and Solar Integration Study, are conducting an operating impact analysis to see if 20-30% wind energy is feasible from an operational level.

Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study: Executive Summary and Project Overview (PDF 1.7 MB). (January 2010).

Original release from NREL

 

4 Comments

  • @tewalker--You are incorrect. This article's primary focus is utility scale wind farm integration. If you have read the entire report, which I have, you will note that the discussions surround the wholesale transmission of wind power. Distributed generation, because of its size, is connected to the retail distribution system. These two systems are very different. The federal government does not have jurisdiction over retail rates and has very limited jurisdiction over generators under 20 MW that are connected to the distribution network. If the study were to focus more exclusively on distributed generation the number of turbines necessary to get to 20% would be significantly higher. I encourage you to look for NREL's wind maps at 50m to see where the high wind speeds are in the US. You will see there is typically fewer wind resources around load centers. As such, you would need more turbines in those load centers to equal the amount of energy you can obtain from utility wind farms located far from load in high wind areas. Transmission costs may be lower for distributed generation, but it would raise a whole host of other questions.

    @phil...including the regions electric bill is not as simple or easy as you may think, are you interested in the residential retail bills or wholesale prices? Retail prices vary by state according to Utility Commission rulings, wholesale prices are traded, on the eastern interconnect, through a variety of wholesale markets operated by: PJM, MISO, NYISO, ISO-NE and SPP. You can find information about their prices at their respective websites.

  • @Linford: You're talking about centralized wind power plants - turbine farms. That's clearly not what this article is about. Its about distributed wind power - which would correct the problem you cite with unreliability. That would be the "smoothing out" you missed in the article. Your "record of never standing on its own without government support" is a blanket dismissal of the past methods and approaches in one country, a pretty piss-poor way to judge the effectiveness of /other/ approaches. Its like saying "steam cars are unsafe - lets not try to develop the gasoline powered internal combustion engine." And your data on turbines is woefully out of date, as well - modern turbines automatically shut down when the wind velocity reaches higher speeds which could damage them. Try reading the article, and updating your knowledge, before dismissing this. Arguments from ignorance are not helpful. I'm not disputing that there are strong, legitimate arguments to be made against this approach - I'm just saying you haven't made any.

  • Wind power is already overdeveloped in the USA. The power delivered by the wind is not only unreliable for anything greater than 10% of the total power in the grid, but since the power delivered to the turbine by the wind is proportional to the cube of the wind velocity, weather extremes can kill turbines. Thus, a ten fold increase in wind velocity means a thousand fold increase in wind power. Wind power has a record of never standing on its own feet without some form of government support. The money would be better spent building gigawatt scale cryogenic fuel injected inertial confinement fusion power plants fusing D/T into helium such as those designed by industrial consortia for the DoE back in the 1990's--the technology is ready for further engineering development to go beyond the National Ignition Facility.

  • It would be helpful to include the region's present day electric bill, in dollars, to more easily assess the feasibility of the proposed project

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