About 30 million people around the world have grown legally blind due to retinal diseases. The EPI-RET project has sought for a technical solution for the past twelve years to help these patients. This work has resulted in a unique system—a fully implantable visual prosthesis.
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For twelve years, experts from different disciplines in the fields of microelectronics, neurophysics, information engineering, computer science, materials science and medicine have been working to develop a visual prosthetic device for patients who have lost their sight through diseases of the retina. In September 2007, their effort was rewarded. In a clinical study including six patients, the team was able to demonstrate not only that a completely implantable vision prosthesis is technically feasible and proven functioning, but also that it enables patients to perceive visual images. “For normally sighted people that may not seem much, but for the blind, it is a major step,” comments Hoc Khiem Trieu from the Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems IMS in Duisburg. “After years of blindness, the patients were able to see spots of light or geometric patterns, depending on how the nerve cells were stimulated.”
Trieu has been involved from the outset of this project, which was funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research. Together with Ingo Krisch and Michael Görtz he translated the specifications given by the medical experts and material scientists into an implant and chip design. The scientists are to receive the Joseph von Fraunhofer Prize 2008 for their work.
“A milestone was reached when the prosthetic system finally operated wirelessly and remotely controlled,” explains Krisch. “A great deal of detailed work was necessary before the implant could be activated without any external cable connections.” “The designs became smaller and smaller, the materials more flexible, more robust and higher in performance, so that the implant now fits comfortably in the eye,” reports Görtz.
The system benefits from a particular disease pattern, and it uses a specific operating principle to restore sight: suffering from retinitis pigmentosa, the light sensitive cells are destroyed, but the connection of the nerve cells to the brain remains intact. The scientists have bypassed the defects of the retina by means of a visual prosthesis. The complete system comprises the implant and an external transmitter integrated in a spectacle-frame. The implant system converts the image patterns into interpretable stimulation signals. Data and energy are transferred to the implant by a telemetric link. The nerve cells inside the eye are then stimulated according to the captured images. Those intact cells are innervated by means of 3-D stimulation electrodes that rest against the retina like small studs.
EPI-RET GmbH, a spin-off of this project consortium, intends to market the vision prosthesis in about three years’ time after a new clinical study of selected patients has been completed with the final product.
http://www.fraunhofer.de/EN/press/pi/2008/05/ResearchNews5s2008Topic4.jsp SOURCE: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
